مادة اللغة الإنجليزية (linking words) ثانية باك
Linking words
كلمات الربط أو أدوات الربط
الإضافة adding
Andو
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He spoke English and French.
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Also كذلك و أيضا
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I have a good eyesight, and also a good colour vision.
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Too كذلك و أيضا
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He loves his sisters, and his brothers too.
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as well كذلك و أيضا
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He speaks English and French as well.
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Besides بالإضافة إلى
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Besides French, he speaks English.
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Not only … but.... also
ليس فقط.........لكن........ايضا.
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He speaks not only French, but also English.
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Contrasting المقابلة أو المغايرة
Butلكن
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He is small, but he is very strong.
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However مع ذلك ,لكن
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Beauty, however, said nothing to the beast.
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Although رغم
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Although this comforted him, it did not stop him from weeping.
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Despite رغم
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The ogre got tired, despite his magic boots.
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In spite of رغم
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In spite of his magic boots, the ogre got tired.
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Nevertheless ومع ذلك
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I am horrible to look at. Nevertheless, promise me that you will never leave me.
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Of the contrary عكس ذلك
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She did not beat him; on the contrary, she thanked him.
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Expressing cause and result
التعبير على السبب و النتيجة
Because لان
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It doesn’t matter, because father doesn’t smoke.
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Because of بسبب
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Do the players wear such clothes because of the cold?
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Soإذن
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He was hungry, so he sat and started to eat.
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As بما أن
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As it is the first time, I’ll forgive you.
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Therefore إذن
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You have an exam, therefore you must work hard.
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This / that is why هذا لماذا
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I was sleeping, this is why I didn’t hear the bell.
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Consequently نتيجة لذلك
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I was sleeping, consequently I didn’t hear the bell.
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For this reason لهذا السبب
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I was sleeping, for this reason I didn’t hear the bell.
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Expressing purpose
التعبير على الهدف
To ل, بهدف, بغية
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To learn a language, the best way is to live in the country where is it spoken.
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In order to , لكي,من أجل
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In order to learn a language, the best way is to live in the country where it is spoken.
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So that كي , لكي
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Complete sentence (a) so that it means the same as (b).
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For من اجل ماذا
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What are you learning English for?
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Giving examples
لإعطاء الأمثلة
For exampleمثلا
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Write about a game, tennis for example.
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For instance مثلا
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You can write about a game, football for instance.
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Such as مثل
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You can write about a game, such as darts if you wish.
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Sequencing
التعبير على التسلسل أو التعاقب
And و
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He put his clothes and left.
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First أولا
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First of all, I want you to listen carefully.
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Then بعد ذلك
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Read the examples, then do the same.
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Next الموالية , التالية
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Where will the next Olympic games be held?
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Before قبل أن
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Read the question carefully before you answer them.
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After بعد أن
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After you answer the questions, read your paper again.
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Later f بعد دلك
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A few hours later, the man arrived home tired and sad.
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While بينما
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I broke my leg while I was skiing.
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Soon قريبا
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The holiday will soon be here.
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Immediately فورا, حالا
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Come here immediately!
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Once حينما , بمجرد ما
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Once you understand, it is very easy.
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Suddenly فجأة
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The man suddenly saw a tiny light.
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As soon as بمجرد ما
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As soon as Thumb kin heard the ogre snoring, he woke up his brothers.
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At / in the endفي الأخير , أخيرا
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In the end, his teacher asked him to stay in class.
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At last في الأخير , أخيرا
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At last, the beast opened his eyes.
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و هنا بعض الدروس الأخرى
والله ولي التوفيق
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