دروس اللغة الإنجليزية درس The passive form :Grammar
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The passive form
Active / Passive Verb Forms
Forme
INFINITIF
|
|
infinitif
actif
|
to clean
(nettoyer)
|
infinitif
passif
|
to be cleaned (être nettoyé)
|
passé de
l'infinitif
|
to have cleaned (avoir nettoyé)
|
passé de
l'infinitif passif
|
to have been cleaned (avoir été nettoyé)
|
Simple
|
Continu
|
|
présent
|
is cleaned
|
is being cleaned
|
prétérit
|
was cleaned
|
was being cleaned
|
futur
|
will
be cleaned
|
will
be being cleaned
|
Present
Perfect
|
has beencleaned
|
Ne
s'emploie pas
|
Past
Perfect
|
had beencleaned
|
EXEMPLES
|
|
Actif
|
Passif
|
A sees
B
|
B is seen by A
|
A is
seeing B
|
B is being seen by A
|
A saw B
|
B was seen by A
|
A was
seeing B
|
B was being seen by A
|
A has
seen B
|
B has been seen by A
|
A will
see B
|
B will be seen by A
|
Notes:
- A la forme simple (present simple, past simple,
etc.) la forme est 'to be' conjugué + participe passé
(c'est-à-dire V-ed), Ex. The car was cleaned yesterday
(La voiture a été nettoyée hier).
- A la forme continue (present continuous, past
continuous, etc.) la forme est 'to be' conjugué + being +
participe passé (c'est-à-dire V-ed), Ex. At 9 o'clock this morning, my car was
being cleaned (A 9h00 ce matin, on était en train de nettoyer ma
voiture).
- Avant d'ajouter -ing ou -ed,
il faut doubler la consonne finale si les deux conditions suivantes sont
remplies:
- le verbe se termine par une seule
voyelle suivie d'une seule consonne,
- la dernière syllabe est accentuée,
ou il n'y a qu'une syllabe — pour savoir si la dernière syllabe est
accentuée ou non, il faut consulter un dictionnaire.
- Le complément à la voix active devient sujet à la
voix passive — actif: Peter cleaned my car;passif: My
car was cleaned by Peter.
- A la voix passive, le sujet subit l'action du
verbe; si on mentionne l'agent (= sujet à la voix active), il faut l'introduire
après le verbe par la préposition by.
Sentences can be active or passive. Therefore, tenses also have
"active forms" and "passive forms." You must learn to
recognize the difference to successfully speak English.
Active Form:
In active sentences, the thing doing the
action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the
object. Most sentences are active.
[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]
Examples:
Passive Form :
In passive sentences, the thing receiving
the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is
optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form
if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be
emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing
the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.
[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing
doing action]
Examples:
Active /
Passive Overview
Active
|
Passive
|
|
Simple Present
|
Once a week, Tom cleans the
house.
|
Once a week, the house is cleaned by
Tom.
|
Present Continuous
|
Right now, Sarah is writing the
letter.
|
Right now, the letter is being writtenby
Sarah.
|
Simple Past
|
Sam repaired the car.
|
The car was repaired by Sam.
|
Past Continuous
|
The salesman was helping the
customer when the thief came into the store.
|
The customer was being helped by
the salesman when the thief came into the store.
|
Present Perfect
|
Many tourists have visited that
castle.
|
That castle has been visited by
many tourists.
|
Present Perfect Continuous
|
Recently, John has been doingthe
work.
|
Recently, the work has been being done by
John.
|
Past Perfect
|
George had repaired many cars
before he received his mechanic's license.
|
Many cars had been repaired by
George before he received his mechanic's license.
|
Past Perfect Continuous
|
Chef Jones had been preparingthe
restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years before he moved to Paris.
|
The restaurant's fantastic dinners had
been being prepared by Chef Jones for two years before he moved to
Paris.
|
Simple Future
will |
Someone will finish the work
by 5:00 PM.
|
The work will be finished by
5:00 PM.
|
Simple Future
be going to |
Sally is going to make a beautiful
dinner tonight.
|
A beautiful dinner is going to be made by
Sally tonight.
|
Future Continuous
will |
At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be
washing the dishes.
|
At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be
being washed by John.
|
Future Continuous
be going to |
At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going to
be washing the dishes.
|
At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes are
going to be being washed by John.
|
Future Perfect
will |
They will have completed the
project before the deadline.
|
The project will have been completed before
the deadline.
|
Future Perfect
be going to |
They are going to have completed the
project before the deadline.
|
The project is going to have been
completed before the deadline.
|
Future Perfect Continuous
will |
The famous artist will have been
painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished.
|
The mural will have been being painted by
the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished.
|
Future Perfect Continuous
be going to |
The famous artist is going to have
been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is
finished.
|
The mural is going to have been being
painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is
finished.
|
Used to
|
Jerry used to pay the bills.
|
The bills used to be paid by
Jerry.
|
Would Always
|
My mother would always makethe
pies.
|
The pies would always be made by
my mother.
|
Future in the Past
Would |
I knew John would finish the
work by 5:00 PM.
|
I knew the work would be finished by
5:00 PM.
|
Future in the Past
Was Going to |
I thought Sally was going to make a
beautiful dinner tonight.
|
I thought a beautiful dinner was going
to be made by Sally tonight.
|
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