دروس اللغة الإنجليزية درس Reported Speech :Grammar
" الثانية بكالوريا"
الدرس الثاني
Reported
Speech
On
emploie le discours indirect (reported speech) pour
dire ce que quelqu'un a dit. Il y a deux façons de faire cela:
- Vous pouvez répéter les mots (discours direct): He
said: "I'm watching TV" (Il a dit: "Je regarde la
télé").
- Ou vous pouvez employer le discours indirect: He
said (that) he was watching TV (Il a dit qu'il regardait la
télé).
Le
mot that est entre parenthèses parce qu'il n'est pas
obligatoire.
En général, lorsque
nous employons le discours indirect, nous parlons du passé.
D'ordinaire donc nous mettons le verbe (ou auxiliaire) au prétérit.
Exemples:
Discours direct
|
Discours indirect
|
"Mary is happy."
|
He said (that) Mary was happy.
|
"I want to
buy a new computer, but I don't know which one to buy."
|
He said (that) he wanted to
buy a new computer but didn't know which one to buy.
|
"I am
going to buy a car."
|
He said (that) he was
going to buy a car.
|
"It is cold
in here; I will close the window."
|
He said (that) it was cold;
he would closethe window.
Note: would est le prétérit de will. |
"I have
lost my watch."
|
He said (that) he had
lost his watch.
|
La
plupart des modaux (could, might, must, ought, should, would) restent
inchangés dans lediscours indirect. En revanche, can devient could et may devient might.
En
général, le prétérit simple (I did) reste inchangé dans
le discours indirect, mais vous pouvez le changer au past
perfect (I had done):
Discours direct
|
Discours indirect
|
I didn't go to school on Thursday because therewas a
train strike.
|
He said he hadn't gone (ou didn't go)
to school on Thursday because there had been (ou was)
a train strike.
|
Parfois, on ne modifie pas le
verbe lorsqu'on emploie le discours indirect. Si ce que vous
rapportez est toujours vrai, vous n'êtes pas obligé de changer le temps du
verbe:
Discours direct
|
Discours indirect
|
"Diamonds are more expensive than pearls."
|
He said (that) diamonds are (ou were)
more expensive than pearls.
|
"Computers have gone downin price."
|
He said (that) computers have (ou had) gone
down in price.
|
Dans
ces deux exemples on peut mettre le verbe au prétérit (ou past
perfect) ou le laisser comme il est.
Mais
on est obligé d'employer le prétérit lorsqu'on n'est pas
d'accord avec ce que on rapporte (si on estime qu'il est faux).
Discours direct
|
Discours indirect
|
"France is bigger
than Canada."
|
He said (that) France was bigger
than Canada.
|
"Ireland have never beatenEngland
at rugby."
|
He said (that)
Ireland had never beatenEngland at rugby.
|
Say et tell
Après say on
n'est pas obligé d'employer un complément d'object indirect (COI); après tell on
est obligé d'en employer un. Donc, si vous mentionnez avec qui vous parlez,
employez le verbe tellcomme ceci:
- Correct: He told me [COI] (that) he
didn't know the answer.
- Incorrect: *He said me he didn't know the answer.
Sinon, employez say:
- Correct: He said (that) he didn't know the
answer.
- Incorrect: *He told he didn't know the answer.
Si on emploie say avec un COI,
on est obligé d'employer la préposition to, mais cela est rare.
Voici un exemple:
- Correct: He said to me that he didn't know
the answer.
A la différence de say (ou said),
après tell (ou told) on peut avoir différentes
structures:
COI + mot
en WH:
what, who, when, where, why, how |
He told me what he
wanted.
|
COI + infinitif
|
He told me to
go home.
|
COI + mot
en WH + infinitif
|
He told me where
to go.
|
COI + groupe
nominal
|
He told me the
truth.
|
On
emploie l'infinitif dans le discours indirect,
surtout avec tell et ask (pour des ordres et
des requêtes):
Discours direct
|
Discours indirect
|
My boss said: "Finish that project by Friday." (ordre)
|
The boss told me to finish the project
by Friday.
|
She said: "Please be quiet while the baby is
asleep." (requête)
|
She asked me to be quiet while the baby
was asleep.
|
He said: "Can you pass me the salt?" (requête)
|
He asked me to pass the salt.
|
On
peut aussi employer said avec l'infinitif:
The
boss said to finish the work by Friday.
الدرس الأول
هنا تجد درس أخر و شرحه بطريقة جميلة و مفهومة باللغة العربية
و الله و لي توفيق
مسلك العلوم الإنسانية
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